Kiva Instead Free Essays

Instead, informal systems and relationships, including loans from neighbors or relatives, and rotating savings/ credit clubs, have filled this gap. While such solutions have worked for some and are often the only option available, they can be inconsistent and unreliable during times of tremendous need. In addition, poor entrepreneurs can become trapped in vicious cycles of borrowing from local moneylenders, who may demand exorbitant interest rates. We will write a custom essay sample on Kiva Instead or any similar topic only for you Order Now Traditionally, banks were unwilling to provide loans to poor entrepreneurs due to the perceived risk. Common concerns included the fact that the unbanked were often illiterate, had no collateral, no prior credit history, and were not employed by anyone other than themselves. However, in 1976, Muhammad Yunus, seen by many s the visionary behind the microfinance movement, bucked conventional wisdom and loaned the equivalent of $27 of his own money to 1 This section is excerpted and modified from the Stanford 6SB case: Equity Bank (A), case no. E-260. Bethany Coates prepared this case under the supervision of Professor Garth Saloner as the basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. Copyright 2008 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University. All rights reserved. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, e-mail the Case Writing Office at: cwo@gsb. stanford. du or write: Case Writing Office, Stanford Graduate School of Business, 518 Memorial Way, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5015. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means † electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or 0th the Stantord Graduate School of Business. Kiva E-288 erwise wit hout the permission ot some poor craftsmen in Jobra, Bangladesh. After all of the borrowers repaid, he repeated the experiment with more villages, and over the years, grew his series of xperiments into a multibillion dollar bank that has provided small loans to over 5 million people worldwide. Years later, Yunus noted, â€Å"At Grameen, we don’t have any legal instrument between the lender and the borrower†¦. Everybody asks, What will happen if nobody pays back? I say, ‘But everybody pays back, so why should I worry about Grameen Bank charged 20 percent interest and reinvested all but 10 percent of earnings back into its operations. As Grameen grew, other leading microfinance institutions (MFIs), including ACCION International and Opportunity International, began to emerge and based their work on the same old ideas as Yunus: that the poor could reliably repay their loans, with interest, and could use the profits to grow their businesses. Mission-driven, nonprofit MFIs also entered the market. These organizations tended to pursue very rural or otherwise unreachable clients, even at great cost. They were able to provide financial services, including credit, tailored to the unique needs and limitations of the poor. How to cite Kiva Instead, Papers

The Contract Law

Question: As a surprise for his wife, Lisa (who was away on a lengthy trip), Oliver Douglas wished to have an addition built on to their bedroom. Douglas therefore retained the Monroe Brothers to do the work. The parties' contract called for Douglas to pay the Monroe Brothers $12,000 upon completion of the addition. They completed the job during a week of favorable, non-windy weather, but before they had time to collect from Douglas, the walls of the addition collapsed. After attending a party where he had consumed a large quantity of alcohol Douglas called upon the Monroe Brothers to remedy the situation, but they refused to do so unless Douglas agreed to their proposal that he would pay them an additional $2,500 (over and above the contract amount) to compensate them for the work involved in putting the walls up again. Because Lisa was coming home soon and he wanted to surprise her, Douglas promised to pay the additional $2,500. After the Monroe Brothers put up the walls again, Douglas paid them $12,000 but refused to pay anything more. The Monroe Brothers have sued him for the additional $2,500. Should they win their lawsuit? Why or why not? Answer: The law under question here is the contract law. As per the situation there is a situation where it was agreed that $2500 will be paid more if the work is completed and that needs to be paid. The parties under contract are Douglas and Monroe Brothers. The contract was established and after the repair work was carried out it was scene that additional $2500 was not paid by Douglas. This is where it was failure of contract with the company and there is a need to pay up. An agreement is a composed or communicated understanding between two gatherings to give an item or administration. There are basically six components of an agreement that make it a lawful and tying archive. The contract was established and after the repair work was carried out it was scene that additional $2500 was not paid by Douglas. This is where it was failure of contract with the company and there is a need to pay up. An agreement is a composed or communicated understanding between two gatherings to give an item or administration. As per the situation there is a situation where it was agreed that $2500 will be paid more if the work is completed and that needs to be paid. The parties under contract are Douglas and Monroe Brothers. The contract was established and after the repair work was carried out it was scene that additional $2500 was not paid by Douglas.

Searching for a Hero in Ibsen’s A Doll’s House Essay Example

Searching for a Hero in Ibsen’s A Doll’s House Essay The famous play A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen has been variously interpreted during the past century and a half, and the main character of Nora and Torvald Helmer have been studied and portrayed literally thousands of times, by thousands of performers throughout the world. It was Ibsen’s first â€Å"modern tragedy, a domestic drama that dealt with concrete problems of modern life† (Shepherd-Barr 21-22). Looking at each character separately, and then comparing their actions throughout the play, we can begin to understand their personalities and what drives them to act the way that they do. Historically, there has been a transition from viewing Torvald as the protagonist when the play was first written, to Nora being viewed as a modern day heroine, with Torvald as the possessive and condescending husband who creates a fantasy world in which the two of them live; however, in closer examination we can see heroic qualities in both characters, and perhaps more easily find the faults which have helped build the doll’s house in which Nora feels she lives.An examination of Nora and Torvald’s personalities gives us better insight into the narcissistic and selfish sides to both of them. From the beginning of the play it is obvious that Torvald is the head of the Helmer household, that he, and only he, is able to do the finances right, that only he can be reasonable and keep things in order, and he feels Nora is not capable of being able to do what he does (Ibsen 1055-1058). His family must live up to the expectations he places on them, and he especially places this burden upon his wife. We see this show of narcissism particularly in the final scene, after he discovers that Nora borrowed money for their trip to Italy from Krogstad and that she has forged her father’s signature. At this revelation he goes from the gentle (if condescending) husband to a man whose first and only worry is their appearance to the outside world, â€Å" From now on there can be no question of happiness.All we can do is save the bits and pieces from the wreck, preserve appearances†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ibsen 1103). He views her not as the wife he loves anymore, but as someone who has â€Å"ruined [his] entire happiness, jeopardized [his] entire future† (Ibsen 1102). The moment she no longer lived up the expectation he placed on everyone in his life, she became only a problem to him and not someone worth loving or helping. â€Å"Torvald’s self-righteous vision of a structured, organized, and fair world, in which he is the master of his house, conflicts with the reality around him† (Shideler). Nora may not share this trait of narcissism, but her childish selfishness is evident throughout the entire play (Drake). She forges her father’s signature, but does not think about how it would affect herself or her family later, she spends money that they don’t have and ignores her husband’s warnings, she uses her husband’s view of her as a child as a means to manipulate him and get what she wants, and in the final act of the play, she leaves her children behind so she can â€Å"try to educate† herself (Ibsen 1105-1109).Nora has traditionally been considered the most beloved of Ibsen’s characters in A Doll’s House, in stark contrast to Torvald’s image as a quiet, but consistent, antagonist to Nora’s protagonist, largely due to the way they are both portrayed throughout the play. Though Nora’s depiction as a disobedient child throughout most of the play may seen strange to the modern reader, it was perhaps simply a means for Ibsen to prove a point about the subordinate position women held in society during the time of his life. By showing the resourcefulness Nora possesses, and then contradicting it with showing the personality she had to acquire to survive in a male-dominated society, we are led to believe that if she only had the chance t o prove herself in the world, she would be able to. Throughout the play Nora consistently shows that she is torn between the woman she is supposed to be according to her husband and society, and the woman she wants to be (Schwarez). In understanding the point Ibsen was trying to make we can begin to see the reason why so many people have grown an affection for her character, despite her faults, and viewed Torvald as a domineering and chauvinistic husband (Drake).While Nora’s faults are often overlooked so that the overall moral of the story can be appreciated, very few have found any redeeming qualities in Torvald, largely due to the symbolic value of his character in the story. His treatment of his wife throughout the entire play shows him restricting what she eats, what she spends, and even how she feels about herself. Through Torvald’s treatment of Nora Ibsen asks his audience to reexamine traditionally ‘happy’ marriages and the way in which men general ly treat women (Schwarez). Again, we see a situation in which the characters are representations of something greater than just a single person and a single situation.Looking at both characters, it is hard to assign either of them the title of hero. Both possess qualities that would automatically be viewed as faults and not something to be viewed as heroic; however, history and such movement as feminism have claimed Nora as the ultimate hero, a woman who, in discovering that she is in no way independent from her husband, progresses during the course of the play, eventually to realize that she must discontinue the role of a doll and seek out her individuality (Drake). Nora’s struggle to break free opens up doors to her that were at one time closed. From her quiet defiance of her husband by eating the macaroons, to the final scene in which she finally stands up for herself and forces Torvald to see her as a woman and a person, and in so doing Nora realizes that she is worthy of more than what society, and her husband, have given her (Schwarez).From Nora’s faults we see emerge a strong and independent woman whose final actions are heroic in the eyes of modern society, yet the heroic qualities that Nora expects Torvald to exhibit never come to pass. At the end of the play Nora says, â€Å"For eight years I have been patiently waiting. Because, heavens, I knew miracles didn’t happen every day. Then this devastating business started, and I became absolutely convinced the miracle would happen† (Ibsen 1107). Nora admits that for eight years she had been expecting Torvald to prove that he loves her and has kept her secret dream of being saved by Torvald. She was hoping that, in the midst of all her trouble, Torvald’s love for her would bring heroic qualities to the surface, that he would step forward and miraculously prove his true character:Torvald is characterized by his preoccupation with himself and his failure to recognize and re turn the kind of love that Nora has given him. And Nora’s love is characterized by sacrifice and devotion – and by the fact that her kind of love must be kept secret in their society (Bo 2).For the once selfish Nora, to be willing to sacrifice everything because she did something wrong to save her husband’s life is certainly a step towards her own empowerment. Nora becomes willing to sacrifice all of herself for her husband and his honor, but in the end, despite the fact that Nora was hoping for a miracle, Torvald is not willing to sacrifice anything for Nora. The hero Nora had been hoping for does not come to the rescue, and so she realizes that the only way for her to go on will be to develop heroic qualities herself (Shideler). Unfortunately, in doing so Nora must leave behind the life she has created, her home and her children, perhaps the only actions of Nora’s in that final scene that makes her seem less than heroic (Ibsen 1107-1109). Yet, these act ions are a product of the oppressive, male-dominated society in which Nora lives, a society where she cannot even feel qualified enough to raise her own children without her husband’s guidance. Nora’s character verbalizes this when she speaks to Torvald in the final scene:On the contrary, you were quite right. I’m not up to it. There’s another problem needs solving first. I must take steps to educate myself. You are not the man to help me there. That’s something I must do on my own. That’s why I’m leaving you (Ibsen 1106).In this final act Nora is seen as â€Å"the incarnation of the will to reach self-fulfillment through liberation from oppression and self-deceit† (Schwarez).The characters of Nora and Torvald are both extremely flawed. Both of them are the products of their time, a time when women were overpowered by men, when a marriage was a reflection of the male-dominated society in which they were born, and both act accor dingly. Yet, when the opportunity arises for both of them to either abandon the repressive standards placed on them or to stay in their comfortable home, play-acting the roles of husband and wife, Torvald does not stand up to the occasion. It is Nora, who in the midst of her doll’s house, realizes that in order to be saved, she must save herself (Shideler). Nora is not a hero because of the way she has lived her life, or because she is perfect, but because she was the one that found the strength to deny the patriarchal world that has denied so many women the right to realize that they are human beings as well, a realization that Torvald is not willing to accept (Ibsen 1107-1108).   As Ibsen stated himself, his mission when writing Nora’s exit was â€Å"to awaken individuals to freedom and independence—and as many of them as possible† and in so doing he created a heroine, not for the women of his day, but for women of ours (Shepherd-Barr 21). Nora is not a heroine of the play because of her strengths or because she is perfect, but because she is real. She has faults like everyone else and yet is able to recognize that there is something greater out there for her in the world than a loveless marriage, and a life without educating herself. This is what makes her a heroine.

Italian Nationalism essays

Italian Nationalism essays Nationalism is the love of ones country rather than the love of ones native region and the belief that ones country is superior to that of anyone elses. Italian nationalism became a strong force in the early 1800s when writers and thinkers became intent on reviving interest in Italys traditions. From nationalism spawned a desire for unification therefore, specific movements were founded allowing people to express these goals of liberation. Three very influential men were present in Italy during the 19th century who played crucial parts in unifying Italy as they helped to spread nationalistic ideas throughout the country. These men were Giuseppe Mazzini, Count Camillo Benso di Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi. A number of rebellions, revolts and wars broke out during this time, which united the people of Italy under similar feelings of patriotism as they were all set on fighting for their country. All of these elements helped to bring about the unification of Italy. In this essay I will explain how Italy was finally unified in the late 1800s and how nationalism influenced the people of Italy and played an important part on the road to Italian unification Three very important men of the 19th century greatly impacted Italian history. One of them, Giuseppe Mazzini was born in 1805 and devoted his entire life to his goals of Italian unification. During the early 1800s, a nationalistic movement known as the Risorgimento, the Italian word for revival was founded. Because nationalists were not permitted to express their ideas openly, they formed several secret societies. One of these groups was the Carbonari, which Mazzini was a member of. In 1831, he rallied Italian nationalists through an organization dedicated to uniting Italy. He called this movement Young Italy and described it as a brotherhood of Italians who believed in Progress and Duty. In 1848, he led groups ...

Essay on Cell Phones

Essay on Cell Phones Essay on Cell Phones This is a free example essay on Cell Phones: When I was born, in the mid 80`s, cellular telephones were just becoming popular as a wireless way of communication. But the concept caught on rapidly and people were subscribing left and right for cellular phone service. As I was growing up I began to notice more and more people around me beginning to use these new marvels of technology. I was in a state of awe about how these contraptions, which at the time were not so little; some of them so large as to have to be carried in a bag and some the size of some of the biggest house phones today, really functioned. I was in disbelief about just how you could actually take a telephone with you wherever you go and be able to talk to people on it whenever you wanted. When I was about six or seven I felt as if I was going to go crazy if someone in my family did not own one of these new contraptions, when finally the day came. I had taken a trip to Huntsville with my mom and my sister to go shopping one afternoon, we were starting to finish up our adventurous day of shopping when all of the sudden my mom walked into the Bellsouth Wireless store. My eyes glowed with excitement as we walked in. Finally, after what seemed like days of talking with salesmen about different calling plans and such, we had our very own cellular phone. When we got to the car, I frantically begged to look at the phone and all of its wonder. On the trip back to Decatur, I pressed the buttons on the phone, listened to funny sounds that it made, and sat in glee holding the mobile piece of technology. Finally the time came and my mom made the first call on it, calling back to my house telling my father the wonderful news of the new gadget, and after asking until I couldn`t ask anymore I finally got to talk on it and enjoy its wonder. Since then, over the past years, my parents have had many new phones of all shapes and sizes and colors. Over the years phones have gotten smaller, more compact and convenient and better technologically to suit our eve ryday lives. Some cellular phones are now as small as business cards, some phones being a brilliant light show of blinking, spinning, flashing L.E.D lights, and some phones basically being a little P.C. that fits into your pocket. Unfathomable amounts of time, money, and research going into these little devices of communication just to try and make our lives a little bit easier. People spending their lives making all of the electronics and technology going into these devices being made smaller and faster and better. All of this work goes into these little telephones making communication more convenient for us in our day to day lives. Work going into these telephones making it possible for us to call home, or work, across the nation, or around the world all while we are driving somewhere or walking down the street. In this day and age every man, woman, and child you see on the street is carrying one of these devices glued to their head. I have to admit that I am probably one of those people that you would see. Receiving my very own cellular phone shortly after I turned 16, I had the same excitement as I did when I was a child coming in contact with a cellular phone for the first time. That first cellular phone now sits at the top of a closet in a box along with other past cellular phones in various drawers and boxes collecting dust as the technology moves on and better things come along, all taken for granted. ______________ is a professional essay writing service which can provide high school, college and university students with 100% original custom written essays, research papers, term papers, dissertations, courseworks, homeworks, book reviews, book reports, lab reports, projects, presentations and other assignments of top quality. More than 700 professional Ph.D. and Master’s academic writers. Feel free to order a custom written essay on Cell Phones from our professional essay writing service.

The Modern Woman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Modern Woman - Essay Example A majority of the water reserve is being held by a water and power (W&P) plant, therefore taking advantage of the scarce resources to control the earth’s population. The main actress ‘tank girl,’ also referred to as Lori Pretty, is a member of a rebellious crew which aims about stealing any water that they can find, in order to sustain their community. However, Kesslee (W&P’s leader) finds and attacks the crew’s hideout, thereby killing Rebeca’s boyfriend and capturing her young friend Sam. Lori Pretty is also captured but due to her defiant nature, is enslaved and tortured. Tank girl meets a new friend ‘Jet girl,’ who convinces her to make less trouble for W&P but her efforts are futile. Meanwhile, another W&P encounters difficulty with ‘the rippers,’ which consists of a group of mutated Kangaroos. Kesslee uses Tank girl as bait to draw out the rippers but they come out clever. They gravely injure Kesslee and in the process, Tank girl is freed up. Afterwards, Lori Pretty and Jet girl learn where Sam is held and they ask the help of the rippers to help them carry out a mission to free him. This results to a killing of the W&P personnel with Jet girl angrily confronting one of them who in fact had sexually assaulted her. The purpose of this film was to show how the woman could stand up and protect the ones she cares for, against all odds. However, throughout this film, there are a couple of sexual references. Therefore, the film should be watched by young adults with absolute parental guidance. On the other hand, the documentary ‘One woman One Vote,’ is an exceptional account of the long suffrage experiences that the American woman has endured to win the right to vote. This film documents the 70 years period that men and women worked towards enfranchising women. The film emphasizes that this suffrage undertaking did not really depict an amalgamated fight towards equivalent

Reflection on the The Political Morality of Race Work Essay - 1

Reflection on the The Political Morality of Race Work - Essay Example Having ‘racial label’ do shape the way people think of themselves. As stated with the same source, â€Å"what people can do depends on what concept they have available to them; and among the concepts that may shape one's action is the concept of a certain kind of person and the behavior appropriate to that kind†. Helping one person think he is inferior among others may add more insult to injury and this indeed will result in final self-breakdown. How devastating that would be! Culture and civilization also became an object in Kwame Anthony Appiah’s essay. These two has a function in further dividing individuals globally by racial differences. He defined culture as â€Å"the totality of socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thought†. There have been Orientals, Africans, and Chinese people that were to adopt a culture and civilization different from their traditional one such as th at of Americans but still there the differences are noticeable. It is said that every race has its own common culture. Like black Americans have their own common culture on â€Å"values and beliefs and practices that they share and they do not share with others†, as stated in the essay. It is true that each nation and race has its own culture. This may lead to some racial gaps in our global society. Yet, it is not simply a hindrance in having a good relationship with them. Unless they wouldn’t do something terrorist act, what is wrong with dealing with them? All of us are both humans. We do need respect and equality. What is the United Nations for but to supposedly bring peace and equality globally? Why can’t other people bridge the differences and go on living life to the full together in accord? Civilization may play a great role in stereotyping minority race. However, it is not always good for some nations that view their race inferior to others. Countries th at are well-developed economically were viewed by many as greater than anybody else. To mention some, the USA and Britain are viewed as masters of the land. They run the world market.